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S1
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (© 2007). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

S2
(2005 June). Spotlight on Spina Bifida [18 paragraphs]. Spina Bifida Association [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/2/07. Available online

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(2005 September). Spina Bifida [15 paragraphs]. NeurosurgeryToday.org [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.neurosurgerytoday.org/what/patient_e/spina.asp

S4
(2007 March 1). Spina Bifida Fact Sheet [31 paragraphs]. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07. Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/spina_bifida/detail_spina_bifida.htm

S5
Brand, M. C. (2006 September 20). Part 2: Examining the Newborn With an Open Spinal Dysraphism [64 paragraphs]. Medscape from Advances in Neonatal Care [On-line information]. Accessed on: Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/543524_2

S6
(2007 February 12, Updated). Chiari Malformation Fact Sheet [27 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm

S7
(2007 February 14, Updated). Cephalic Disorders Fact Sheet [63 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cephalic_disorders/detail_cephalic_disorders.htm

S8
(2007 February 08, Updated). NINDS Anencephaly Information Page [5 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/anencephaly/anencephaly.htm

S9
(2007 February 12, Updated). NINDS Encephaloceles Information Page [3 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/encephaloceles/encephaloceles.htm

S10
(2007 February 13, Updated). NINDS Hydranencephaly Information Page [3 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/hydranencephaly/hydranencephaly.htm

S11
(2007 February 13, Updated). NINDS Iniencephaly Information Page [3 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/iniencephaly/Iniencephaly.htm

S12
(2007 February 14, Updated). NINDS Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome Information Page [3 paragraphs]. NINDS [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/3/07 Available FTP: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tethered_cord/tethered_cord.htm

S13
(2007 February 19, Updated). Neural Tube Defects [8 paragraphs]. National Institute of Child Health & Human Development [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/04/07 Available FTP: http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neural_tube_defects.cfm/

S14
(2003 February, Revision). Prenatal Diagnostic Testing [24 paragraphs]. Merck Manual Second Home Edition [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/04/07 Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/print/sec22/ch256/ch256c.html

S15
(2004 June). Maternal Blood Screening for Down Syndrome and Neural Tube Defects [29 paragraphs]. March of Dimes [On-line information]. Accessed on: 2/17/07 Available FTP: http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1166.asp

S16
(2006 January). The Second Trimester [16 paragraphs]. womenshealth.gov [On-line information]. Accessed on: 2/25/07 Available FTP: http://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/pregnancy/2nd.cfm

S17
Liptak, G. (2006 April, Revised). Brain and Spinal Cord Defects [24 paragraphs]. Merck Manual Second Home Edition [On-line information]. Accessed on: 2/17/07 Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/print/sec23/ch265/ch265h.html

S18
Kaufman, B. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2004; 51: 389-419.