NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

We have included the web address to online sources used in developing and reviewing this article for documentation purposes only. Links included on this Sources page were valid, working links at the time this article was originally prepared, and at each update as indicated here. Please be aware that the source owner may, from time to time, reorganize the source web site, which can result in broken links on our pages. If you wish to access a source and come across a broken link, you may still be able to access it by entering just the parent web address in your browser's address bar (e.g., "www.nih.gov") and then by entering the source title in the site's search feature.

S1
Phone interview with Ray Meister, Occupational Health Physician, State of California, Department of Health Services.

S2
Phone interview with Michael Ottlinger, Senior Toxicologist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH.

S3
California Department of Health Services, Occupational Health Branch. “How to Prevent Lead Poisoning on Your Job." 2000. pp. 5-8, 10, 38-40.

S4
National Center for Environmental Health. “Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning.” 1997. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/guide/97.htm

S5
New York State Department of Health. "Lead Exposure in Adults—A Guide for Health Care Providers." Available online: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/lead/hlthcare.htm

S6
(2005 October 1). Lead Exposure in Children: Prevention, Detection, and Management. American Academy of Pediatrics, PEDIATRICS Vol. 116 No. 4 October 2005, pp. 1036-1046.

S7
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

S8
(2005 June 23, Reviewed) Lead Health Effects [3 paragraphs]. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/recognition.html

S9
(2005 July, Updated). Lead Poisoning in Children [11 paragraphs]. Familydoctor.org [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://familydoctor.org/617.xml

S10
(2005 September, Revised). Management Guidelines for Blood Lead Levels in Children and Adults [10 paragraphs]. California Department of Health Services [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ohb/OLPPP/mgmtgdln.pdf

S11
Hipkins, K. et. al. (2004 November/December). Family Lead Poisoning Associated with Occupational Exposure [17 paragraphs]. Clin Pediatr 2004;43:845-849. Available FTP: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ohb/OLPPP/family_lead_poisoning.pdf

S12
(2005 May 25, Reviewed). CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, CDC Recommendations for Lead Poisoning Prevention in Newly Arrived Refugee Children [ 17 paragraphs]. CDC National Center for Environmental Health [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/Refugee%20recs.htm

S13
(2005 September). ToxFAQs™ for Lead [17 Paragraphs]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.html

S14
(2005 September). Public Health Statement, from Toxicological Profile for Lead, Draft for Public Comment [55 paragraphs of 632 pages]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) [[On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.html

S15
(2006 January 13, Reviewed). General Lead Information, Questions and Answers [19 paragraphs]. CDC, National Center for Environmental Health [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/faq/about.htm

S16
(2002 March). Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children: Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention [27 paragraphs]. CDC [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/CaseManagement/caseManage_main.htm

S17
(2003 September 12). Surveillance for Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Children --- United States, 1997—2001 [45 paragraphs]. CDC MMWR [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm

S18
(2004 July 9). Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance --- United States, 2002 [8 paragraphs]. CDC MMWR [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a2.htm

S19
Harold E. Hoffman, MD, FRCPC, FACOEM. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

S20
Thomas P. Moyer, Ph.D. Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine. Vice Chair for Diagnostic Development, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology. Co-Director for Medical Affairs, Mayo Collaborative Services, Inc. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN