NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

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Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].

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S3
(2003 October 2, Updated). Facts About Coronary Heart Disease [94 paragraphs]. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/chdfacts2.htm

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Toscano, J. (2003 March 11, Updated). Angina: A Patient Guide [37 paragraphs]. HeartInfo.org [On-line Patient Guide]. Available FTP: http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/guides/3/main.html

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(1994) When You Need to Have a Stress Test: A Patient Guide [14 paragraphs]. HeartInfo.org [On-line Patient Guide]. Available FTP: http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/guides/23/main.html

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(2001 August 31). Angioplasty: A Patient Guide [37 paragraphs]. HeartInfo.org [On-line Patient Guide]. Available FTP: http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/guides/17/main.html

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Toscano, J. (2003 March 11). Cardiac Enlargement: A Patient Guide [28 paragraphs]. HeartInfo.org [On-line Patient Guide]. Available FTP: http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/guides/4/main.html

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(2001 August 28). Congestive Heart Failure: A Patient Guide [22 paragraphs]. HeartInfo.org [On-line Patient Guide]. Available FTP: http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/guides/18/main.html

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S12
Congenital Anomalies [40 paragraphs]. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Section 19. Pediatrics, Chapter 261. [On-line information]. Available online

S13
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S14
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S15
What is Coronary Artery Disease [50 paragraphs]. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Cad/CAD_All.html

S16
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Robert H. Christenson, Ph.D., DABCC, FACB. Professor of Pathology, Professor of Medical and Research Technology Director, Rapid Response Laboratories, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

S19
Tanser, P. (2006 February, Revision). Effects of Aging [5 paragraphs]. Merck Manual of Medical Information – Second Home Edition [On-line information]. Accessed on: 6/28/07 Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch020/ch020d.html

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Tanser, P. (2006 February, Revision). Heart [10 paragraphs]. Merck Manual of Medical Information – Second Home Edition [On-line information]. Accessed on: 6/28/07 Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch020/ch020b.html

S21
(2007 February 09, Review). About Heart Disease [19 paragraphs]. CDC [On-line information]. Accessed on: 6/28/07 Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/HeartDisease/about.htm

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(2007 February 09, Review). Heart Disease Risk Factors [11 paragraphs]. CDC [On-line information]. Accessed on: 6/28/07 Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/HeartDisease/risk_factors.htm

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(2007 February 09, Review). Heart Disease Signs and Symptoms [7 paragraphs]. CDC [On-line information]. Accessed on: 6/28/07 Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/HeartDisease/signs_symptoms.htm

S24
Desvigne-Nickens, P, (2007 February, Reviewed). Heart Disease, Frequently Asked Questions [50 paragraphs]. WomensHealth.gov [On-line information]. Accessed on: 7/9/07 Available FTP: http://www.4woman.gov/faq/heartdis.htm

S25
(2005 August 5). Cardiovascular disease 101: Know your heart and blood vessels [26 paragraphs]. MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Accessed on: 7/9/07 Available FTP: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cardiovascular-disease/HB00032

S26
(2005 November, Revision). Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures, Introduction [1 paragraph], Cardiac Catheterization [16 paragraphs], Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting [3 paragraphs], Echocardiography [8 paragraphs], Electrocardiography [18 paragraphs], Electrophysiologic Studies [2 paragraphs], Imaging Tests [10 paragraphs], Percutaneous Coronary Interventions [7 paragraphs], Radionuclide Imaging [21 paragraphs], Stress Testing [13 paragraphs], Tilt Table Testing [4 paragraphs]. Merck Manual for HealthCare Professionals [On-line information]. Accessed on: 7/9/07 Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec07/ch070/ch070a.html