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West Nile Virus

Article Sources

NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

We have included the web address to online sources used in developing and reviewing this article for documentation purposes only. Links included on this Sources page are valid, working links at the time they are posted. Please be aware that the source owner may, from time to time, reorganize the source web site, which can result in broken links on our pages. If you wish to access a source and come across a broken link, you may still be able to access it by entering just the parent web address in your browser's address bar (eg, "www.nih.gov") and then by entering the source title in the site's search feature.

S1
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].

S2
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

S3
Petersen, L. and Marfin, A. (2002 August 6). West Nile Virus: A Primer for the Clinician [26 paragraphs]. Annals of Internal Medicine Volume (137) 3:173-179 [On-line journal article]. Available FTP: http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/137/3/173

S4
(2003 September 24, Modified). West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection: Information for Clinicians [17 paragraphs]. CDC, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, West Nile Virus [On-line Fact Sheet]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/fact_sheet_clinician.htm

S5
(2003 September 10). Testing and Treating West Nile Virus in Humans [18 paragraphs]. CDC, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, West Nile Virus, Questions and Answers [On-line Information]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/testing_treating.htm

S6
(2003 July 15). Update on West Nile Virus [100 paragraphs]. CDC Telebriefing Transcript [On-line News Conference]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/transcripts/t030715.htm

S7
(2003). Epidemic/Epizootic West Nile Virus in the United States: Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control [77 pages]. CDC [On-line Guidelines]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guidelines-aug-2003.pdf

S8
Hayes, E. et. al (2004 February 27). Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation of Infants Born to Mothers Infected With West Nile Virus During Pregnancy [8 paragraphs]. CDC, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, West Nile Virus [On-line Clinical Guidelines, Published in MMWR (53) 7]. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/congenitalinterimguidelines.htm

S9
Martin, D. et. al (2000 May). Standardization of Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Routine Diagnosis of Arboviral Infections [17 paragraphs]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology (38) 5:1823-1826 [On-line journal]. Available FTP: http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/38/5/1823

S10
(2003 July 9). FDA Clears First Test for West Nile Virus [10 paragraphs]. FDA News [On-line News Release]. Available FTP: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2003/NEW00920.html

S11
(2003 May). Revised Recommendations for the Assessment of Donor Suitability and Blood and Blood Product Safety in Cases of Known or Suspected West Nile Virus Infection [43 paragraphs]. FDA [On-line Guidance for Industry]. Available FTP: http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/wnvguid.htm

S12
(2002 December) Arbovirus IFA Slides [22 paragraphs]. PANBIO [On-line package insert]. Available FTP: http://www.panbio.com.au/prodinfo/I-WNV01X%20-%2004DEC02-005.pdf

S13
(2003 July 17, Revised). West Nile Virus IgM Capture ELISA [64 paragraphs]. PANBIO [On-line package insert]. Available FTP: http://www.panbio.com.au/prodinfo/E-WNV01M.pdf

S14
Bren, L. (2003 January-February). West Nile Virus: Reducing the Risk [39 paragraphs]. FDA Consumer Magazine [On-line article]. Available FTP: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2003/103_virus.html

S15
(2004 February 23). US Startled by Extent of West Nile in Blood Donors [12 paragraphs]. Reuters by Yahoo! Health [On-line article]. Available FTP: http://health.yahoo.com/search/healthnews?lb=p&p=id%3A54298

S16
(2003 December 11). West Nile Virus IgM Capture ELISA [91 paragraphs]. FOCUS Technologies, Package Insert [On-line information]. Available online

S17
(2003 June 25). Focus Submits West Nile Virus Diagnostic Kits to FDA for 510 (k) Clearance [5 paragraphs]. FOCUS Technologies [On-line Press Release]. Available online

S18
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (© 2007). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp. 1001-1002.

S19
Wu, A. (2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Fourth Edition. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri. Pp. 1626.

S20
(2007 August 28). FDA Approves Second West Nile Screening Test for Donated Blood and Organs [7 paragraphs]. FDA News [On-line press release]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01691.html

S21
(2007 March 2). FDA Approves First Fully Automated Test to Screen for West Nile Virus in Blood and Tissue Donors [5 paragraphs]. FDA News [On-line press release]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01578.html

S22
(2006 August 25). Recommendations for Protecting Laboratory, Field, and Clinical Workers from West Nile Virus Exposure [19 paragraphs]. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [On-line information]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/westnile/reclab.html

S23
(2005 September 4). What You Need to Know about Mosquito Repellent [19 paragraphs]. CDC West Nile Virus Fact Sheet [On-line information]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mosquitorepellent.htm

S24
(2005 September 27). West Nile Virus Fact Sheet [20 paragraphs]. CDC West Nile Virus Fact Sheet [On-line information]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

S25
(2007 August 1, Reviewed). Testing and Treating West Nile Virus in Humans [18 paragraphs]. CDC Questions and Answers [On-line information]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/testing_treating.htm

S26
(2007 June 22). West Nile Virus Sequelae Can Be Long-Term [10 paragraphs]. Medscape Reuters Health Information [On-line information]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/558721

S27
Murray, K. et. al. (2007 April 05). Depression after Infection with West Nile Virus [16 paragraphs]. Medscape from Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(3): 479-481. [On-line journal article]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/554199

S28
(2007 May 1). West Nile virus [30 paragraphs]. MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Accessed on: 9/09/07. Available online



This article was last reviewed on October 30, 2007.


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