NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

We have included the web address to online sources used in developing and reviewing this article for documentation purposes only. Links included on this Sources page are valid, working links at the time they are posted. Please be aware that the source owner may, from time to time, reorganize the source web site, which can result in broken links on our pages. If you wish to access a source and come across a broken link, you may still be able to access it by entering just the parent web address in your browser's address bar (eg, "www.nih.gov") and then by entering the source title in the site's search feature.

American Family Physician: Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Available online at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050701/119.html through http://www.aafp.org.

Clarke, W. and Dufour, D. R., Editors (2006). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry, AACC Press, Washington, DC, p. 264.

Pagana K, Pagana T. Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests. 3rd Edition, St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2006, pp 522-525.

Mehta S, Bautista RM, Adams BD. Role of first-drawn indeterminate troponin-I levels in the Emergency Department. Int J Cardiol 2008 Mar 18.

Sources Used in Previous Reviews

Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].

Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

Adams, J. & Apple, F. (2004). New Blood Tests for Detecting Heart Disease. American Heart Association, from Circulation 2004;109:e12-e14. PDF available for download at http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/109/3/e12.pdf through http://circ.ahajournals.org.

Achar, S. et. al. (2005 July 1). Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome. American Family Physician. Available online at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050701/119.html through http://www.aafp.org.

(2000). Cardiac Troponin-I Assay. UCLA Diagnostic Module-2000. PDF available for download at http://www.med.ucla.edu/champ/Troponin%20Guidelines.PDF#search='intitle:Troponin' through http://www.med.ucla.edu.

Jeremias, A. and Gibson, C. M. (2005 May 3). Narrative Review: Alternative Causes for Elevated Cardiac Troponin Levels when Acute Coronary Syndromes Are Excluded. Annals of Internal Medicine v 142 (9).

Check, W. (2001 July). Troponin triple crown: diagnosis, risk, Rx. College of American Pathologists, CAP Today. Available online at http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/cap_today/feature_stories/feat_0701.html through http://www.cap.org.

Parham, S. (2005 February). Clearing a path for new cardiac markers. College of American Pathologists, CAP Today. Available online at http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/cap_today/feature_stories/0205Cardiac.html through http://www.cap.org.