How is it used?
The test is used to diagnose an infection with
Trichomonas vaginalis. In women, small red sores may be visible on the walls of the vagina or cervix during a pelvic exam. The secretions from the vagina or urethra that are collected on a swab can be examined under a microscope (called a wet prep), , or tested with molecular assays to detect the presence of the .
Examination of the wet prep determines whether the symptoms presented are caused by an infection with T. vaginalis through direct observation. It is placed under a microscope (phase-contrast microscope) to visually see the presence of the parasite. While this method is simple and quick, visualization of the parasite can be missed due to sampling error.
A more test is to culture the sample, but up to 7 days is required for the culture to grow adequately enough for identification of the parasite. Other methods that are available include direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and a test that detects trichomonas .
Molecular testing using direct probes or PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology offer the most sensitive and timely determination (usually within 24 hours). Samples can be obtained during a routine gynecologic examination that includes a Pap smear.
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When is it ordered?
Your doctor may order a test for
T. vaginalis if you complain of symptoms, such as foul-smelling vaginal discharge or pain on urination. If you have an infection with another
sexually transmitted disease, your doctor might test for trichomonas as well. Likewise, if results indicate that you are infected with trichomonas, you may also be tested for
chlamydia and
gonorrhea since these STDs often occur together.
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What does the test result mean?
A positive test indicates an active infection that requires treatment with a course of prescription medication.
If you are infected, your sexual partner(s) should also be tested and treated as well.
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Is there anything else I should know?
An infected person is at greater risk of getting other
sexually transmitted diseases. In particular, the genital inflammation that occurs with trichomonas can increase a woman's susceptibility to
HIV infection if exposed to the virus.
Neonatal trichomoniasis, though rare, can also occur, causing complications in the newborn.
Fecal contamination of the specimen may show a non-pathogenic organism (Pentatrichomonas hominis, formally known as Trichomonas hominis) that is similar in appearance and may be confused with T. vaginalis through direct observation. The presence of this organism does not require treatment.
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