NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

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S2
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

S3
Gardner, B. (2001 April 3). Protein C Deficiency [6 paragraphs]. Medscape Primary Care, Pediatrics Ask the Expert [Online information]. Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/413850_print

S4
Coagulation Test Panels [7 paragraphs]. Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Clinical and Research Laboratories [Online information]. Available FTP: http://www.fhci-labs.com/researchlabs/clinicallabs/hemostasisandthrombosis/panels.htm

S5
Confusing Coagulation Test Names [6 paragraphs], UAB Coagulation Service, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham [Online information]. Available FTP: http://peir.path.uab.edu/coag/article_187.shtml and
Protein C Activity, Activated Protein C Resistance (Screen for Factor V Leiden) [Online test menu and information]
http://peir.path.uab.edu/coag/cat_index_14.shtml#191

S6
Schlesinger, K. and Ragni, M. (2002). DIC, Inflammation, Sepsis And Activated Protein C (APC) [17 paragraphs]. Transfusion Medicine Update, Issue #3 [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.annals.org/issues/v135n5/full/200109040-00013.html

S7
Chapter 132 Thrombotic Disorders, General [20 paragraphs]. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, Section 11. Hematology And Oncology [Online information]. Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section11/chapter132/132a.htm

S8
Protein C Deficiency [14 paragraphs]. University of Illinois - Urbana/Champaign, Carle Cancer Center, Hematology Resource Page, Patient Resources [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www-admin.med.uiuc.edu/hematology/PtProtC.htm

S9
Protein S Deficiency [15 paragraphs]. University of Illinois - Urbana/Champaign, Carle Cancer Center, Hematology Resource Page, Patient Resources [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www-admin.med.uiuc.edu/hematology/PtProtS.htm

S10
Bardi, J. (2002). Mysteries of a Therapy Unveiled [ 28 paragraphs]. The Scripps Research Institute, News & Views [On-line Newsletter]. Available FTP: http://www.scripps.edu/newsandviews/e_20020617/print-ruf.html

S11
Elstrom, R. (2001 October 28, Updated). Protein C [9 paragraphs]. MEDLINEplus Health Information, Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003659.htm

S12
Elstrom, R. (2001 October 28, Updated). Protein S [12 paragraphs]. MEDLINEplus Health Information, Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003660.htm

S13
Coagulation Test Panels [9 paragraphs]. Clinical and Research Laboratories, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.fhci-labs.com/researchlabs/clinicallabs/hemostasisandthrombosis/panels.htm

S14
Laposata, M. & Vancott, E. (2000 January). How to work up hypercoagulability [6 paragraphs]. CAP In the News [On-line Coagulation Case Study]. Available FTP: http://www.cap.org/CAPToday/casestudy/coag5.html

S15
Venomous Bites and Stings [50 paragraphs]. The Merck Manual of Medical Information-Home Edition, Section 24. Accidents and Injuries, Chapter 287 [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home/sec24/287.jsp

S16
Menta, S. (1999 Spring). The Coagulation Cascade [148 paragraphs]. Physiology Disorders Evaluation, College of Medicine, Univ of Florida [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/coag/title.html

S17
Bauer, K. (2001). The Thrombophilias: Well-Defined Risk Factors with Uncertain Therapeutic Implications [20 paragraphs]. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:367-373 [Journal]. Online at http://www.annals.org

S18
DeLoughery, T. (1999 March 15). Tests of Hemostasis and Thrombosis [66 paragraphs]. OHSU [Online student handout]. Available FTP: http://www.ohsu.edu/som-hemonc/handouts/deloughery/printtest.html

S19
(2001 January 10, Modified). Coagulation Test Descriptions [used 8 test descriptions, 10 paragraphs]. Clinical Coagulation Laboratory, A division of Duke University Regional Referral Laboratory Services [Online information]. Available FTP: http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/coag/TestDes.htm

S20
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (© 2007). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. P 781-782.

S21
Nanda, R. (2005 April 15). Congenital protein C or S deficiency [12 paragraphs]. MedlinePlus [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/25/07 Available FTP: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000559.htm

S22
Nanda, R. (2005 April 15). Protein C [13 paragraphs]. MedlinePlus [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/25/07 Available FTP: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003659.htm

S23
Nanda, R. (2005 April 15). Protein S [12 paragraphs]. MedlinePlus [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/25/07 Available FTP: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003660.htm

S24
(© 2007). Laboratory Issues in Diagnosing Abnormalities of Protein C, Thrombomodulin, and Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor [28 paragraphs]. CAP [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/25/07. Available online

S25
(© 2007). A Review of the Technical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Considerations for Protein S Assays [33 paragraphs]. CAP [On-line information]. Accessed on: 3/25/07. Available online