White Blood Cell
Differential Count
Also known as: Leukocyte differential count; Peripheral differential; White blood cell morphology; WBC differential; Diff
Formal name: White Blood Cell Count Differential
Related tests: Complete blood count; Blood smear
The Test Sample
What is being tested?
There are five types of white blood cells, each with different functions: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. The differential reveals if these cells are present in normal proportion to one another, if one cell type is increased or decreased, or if immature cells are present. This information is helpful in diagnosing specific types of illnesses that affect the immune system.
White blood cells are made in your bone marrow. They protect your body against infection and aid your immune system. If an infection develops, white blood cells attack and destroy the microorganism causing the infection.
How is the sample collected for testing?
The test is performed on a blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm or from a fingerstick (for children and adults) or heelstick (for infants).
NOTE: If undergoing medical tests makes you or someone you care for anxious, embarrassed, or even difficult to manage, you might consider reading one or more of the following articles: Coping with Test Pain, Discomfort, and Anxiety, Tips on Blood Testing, Tips to Help Children through Their Medical Tests, and Tips to Help the Elderly through Their Medical Tests.
Another article, Follow That Sample, provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of a blood sample and throat culture.
Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample?
No test preparation is needed.
