NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

We have included the web address to online sources used in developing and reviewing this article for documentation purposes only. Links included on this Sources page are valid, working links at the time they are posted. Please be aware that the source owner may, from time to time, reorganize the source web site, which can result in broken links on our pages. If you wish to access a source and come across a broken link, you may still be able to access it by entering just the parent web address in your browser's address bar (eg, "www.nih.gov") and then by entering the source title in the site's search feature.

S2
Jeffrey, S. (2006 August 16). Cystatin C May Identify “Pre-CKD” in Elderly With Normal eGFR [24 paragraphs]. Medscape Medical News [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/543019

S3
Jeffrey, S. (2005 September 6). Cystatin C is a sensitive marker of prognosis acute heart failure [13 paragraphs]. Medscape Medical News [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/538789

S4
Shlipak, M. (2005 May 19). Cystatin C and the Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events among Elderly Persons [4 paragraphs]. NEJM v 352(20) 2049-2060. [On-line journal]. Available FTP: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/352/20/2049

S5
Sarnak, M. (2005 April 5). Cystatin C Concentration as a Risk Factor for Heart Failure in Older Adults [36 paragraphs]. Annals of Internal Medicine v142(7) [On-line information]. Available FTP: http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/142/7/497?ct

S6
Villa, P. et. al. (2005 April). Serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients [18 paragraphs]. Crit Care. 2005; 9(2): R139–R143. [On-line journal]. Available FTP: http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1175926