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Cardiac Biomarkers

NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.

We have included the web address to online sources used in developing and reviewing this article for documentation purposes only. Links included on this Sources page were valid, working links at the time this article was originally prepared, and at each update as indicated here. Please be aware that the source owner may, from time to time, reorganize the source web site, which can result in broken links on our pages. If you wish to access a source and come across a broken link, you may still be able to access it by entering just the parent web address in your browser's address bar (eg, "www.nih.gov") and then by entering the source title in the site's search feature.

S1
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].

S2
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

S3
Schreiber, D. (2002 February 12, Updated). Use of Cardiac Markers in the Emergency Department [ paragraphs]. EMedicine [On-line information]. Available online: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic932.htm

S4
Morrow, D. et. al. (2004 April 8). Clinical: Acute Coronary Syndromes – Chapter 1 [69 paragraphs]. NACB Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines [On-line Draft Guidelines]. Available online: http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/biomark/card_biomarkers_chp1.doc

S5
Tang, W., et. al. (2004 February 27, Second Draft). NACB: Recommendations for the use of Cardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure [26 paragraphs]. NACB: Recommendations for the use of CardiaNACB Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines [On-line Draft Guidelines]. Available online: http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/biomark/card_biomarkers_chp2.doc

S6
Canto, J. (2002 July 1) Cardiac Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome, An Update in 2002 [37 paragraphs]. Univ of Alabama School of Medicine Division of Continuing Medical Education and Alabama Quality Assurance Foundation [On-line CME]. Available online: http://www.cme.uab.edu/onlineCourses/CardiacBiomarkers/ID0073.htm

S7
Titus, Karen. (March 2004) The Latest on IMA Levels, High and Low. CAP Today. Available online: http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/cap_today/feature_stories/0304IMA.html.

S8
Robert H. Christenson, Ph.D., DABCC, FACB. Professor of Pathology, Professor of Medical and Research Technology Director, Rapid Response Laboratories, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.



This article last reviewed on November 27, 2004.


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